EXPLANATORY STATEMENT

ATTACHMENT A

 

Statement of Compatibility with Human Rights

Prepared in accordance with Part 3 of the Human Rights (Parliamentary Scrutiny) Act 2011

 

Civil Aviation Legislation Amendment (Miscellaneous Measures) Regulation 2016

This legislative instrument is compatible with the human rights and freedoms recognised or declared in the international instruments listed in section 3 of the Human Rights (Parliamentary Scrutiny) Act 2011.

Overview of the Disallowable Legislative Instrument

The Disallowable Legislative Instrument (the Regulation) makes miscellaneous administrative amendments to various Parts of the Civil Aviation Regulations 1988 (CAR) and the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998 (CASR) that have been made under the Civil Aviation Act 1988 (the Act). The editorial and drafting amendments rectify anomalies that were identified in the during legislative drafting and through industry feedback.

The amendments include amending or introducing new definitions, repealing spent transitional arrangements, correcting drafting and cross-referencing errors, correcting style errors and amending out-of-date references. These amendments will not engage human rights.

The amendments also: clarify the things a Manual of Standards (MOS) may not prescribe (including the powers of arrest or detention); remove an express legislative defence and change the operation of an offence relating to permissions to fly; and require an applicant for a medical certificate to authorise disclosure of information or documents held by a third party for the purposes of determining whether the applicant meets the relevant medical standard. These amendments will engage human rights.

The Regulation, which amends existing requirements in various parts of the CAR and CASR, will affect operators, crew and other individuals involved in the operation of aircraft. These amendments are consistent with the primary objective of the Act, namely, to establish a regulatory framework for maintaining, enhancing and promoting the safety of civil aviation.

The Regulation commences on the day after the Regulation is registered.

Human rights implications

This regulation engages the following rights:

- the right to protection against arbitrary arrest or detention in Article 9 (1) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR);

- the right to the presumption of innocence in Article 14 (2) of the ICCPR;

- the right to protection against arbitrary and unlawful interferences with privacy in Article 17 of the ICCPR.

Right to protection against arbitrary arrest or detention

The right to protection against arbitrary arrest or detention is contained in Article 9 (1) of the ICCPR, which provides that an individual is not to be deprived of liberty except on such grounds and in accordance with such procedures as are established by law.

This right is engaged by Item 29 of the Regulation, which creates a new subregulation 1.008 (3) in the CASR that clarifies that a MOS may not provide powers of arrest or detention. The MOS is a legislative instrument that CASA uses to meet its responsibilities under the Act for promulgating aviation safety standards. The MOS prescribes the detailed technical information (aviation safety standards) that is deemed necessary for the safety of air navigation.

The Regulation is compatible with human rights to the extent that it sets limits on the matters that may be dealt with in a MOS, in particular, prescribing that a MOS may not provide powers of detention or arrest.

Presumption of innocence

The presumption of innocence is contained in Article 14 (2) of the ICCPR. The presumption of innocence imposes on the prosecution the burden of proving charges, and guarantees that no guilt can be presumed until charges have been proved beyond reasonable doubt. In general, consistency with the presumption of innocence requires the prosecution to prove each element of a criminal offence beyond reasonable doubt.

Strict liability offences will not violate the presumption of innocence if they are reasonable in the circumstances and maintain the rights of the accused. Such a provision may be justified if the nature of the offence makes it very difficult for the prosecution to prove each element, or if it is clearly more practical for the accused to prove a fact than for the prosecution to disprove it.

Subregulation 139 (1) of CAR is an existing strict liability offence that requires the defendant, the pilot in command, to carry certain documents on Australian aircraft. Subject to various exceptions set out in subregulations 139 (2) and (3), documents required to be carried include the flight manual (if any) for the aircraft, the aircraft's certificate of registration and certificate of airworthiness, and licences and medical certificates of the operating crew. Subregulation 139 (5) provides that it is a defence to a prosecution under subregulation 139 (1) if the flight was authorised by a permission to fly under regulation 317 of CAR, or was authorised by a special flight permit issued by CASA under regulation 21.197 of CASR.

Item 18 of the Regulation removes the express legislated defences to subregulation 139 (1) of CAR and changes the operation of the offence so that the offence will no longer apply if the flight is authorised by a special flight permit issued by CASA in accordance with regulation 21.197 of CASR. This change aligns the operation of subregulation 139 (1) with best drafting practice. Regulation 317 of CAR is a transitional provision for permissions to fly that is spent and is separately repealed by the Regulation.

The Regulation engages with the right to the presumption of innocence and enhances the protection of human rights by narrowing the applicability of the strict liability offence to exclude pilots in command who hold a special flight permit, rather than requiring pilots in command to defend any prosecution action by producing a special flight permit. This change ensures that prosecution action is not conducted in the first place.

The use of strict liability offences is consistent with the Guide to Framing Commonwealth Offences, Infringement Notices and Enforcement Powers (the Guide) published by the Attorney-General's Department. In particular, subpart 2.2.6 of the Guide states that application of strict liability to all physical elements of an offence may be appropriate where it is likely to significantly enhance the effectiveness of the enforcement regime deterring certain conduct and where it is necessary to ensure the integrity of a regulatory regime.

Accordingly, any potential limitation of Article 14 (2) of the ICCPR is necessary, reasonable and proportionate to ensure the proper administration and enforcement of Australia's aviation safety system, by removing potentially onerous requirements on pilots in command in particular circumstances.

Right to privacy

The right to protections against arbitrary and unlawful interferences with privacy, contained in Article 17 of the ICCPR, provides that no one shall be subjected to arbitrary or unlawful interference with his or her privacy.

The right to privacy is engaged by Items 35 and 38 of the Regulation, which respectively substitute in the CASR a new paragraph 67.180 (2) (d) and subparagraph 67.225 (3) (b) (i). The two substituted provisions require an applicant for a medical certificate to authorise disclosure to CASA, a medical examiner or a Designated Aviation Medical Examiner (DAME), information or documents that are held by another person, organisation, body or authority for the purposes of determining whether the applicant meets the relevant medical standard. However, the authorisation granted by the medical certificate applicant does not extend to the disclosure of information or documents collected for use as evidence in a legal proceeding that has not been admitted as evidence in a court, or is otherwise protected by client legal privilege or exclusions in the public interest.

The right to privacy is also more broadly engaged by Items 32, 33, 34, 37, 40, 41, and 42 of the Regulation, which expand the requirement to authorise disclosure to CASA of any information or documents that may help CASA decide whether the relevant medical standard has been met.

Notably, Items 36 and 39 of the Regulation enhance the right of privacy by protecting a person, organisation, body or authority from disclosing information or documents that were collected for use as evidence in legal proceedings but which have not been admitted in a court or are not permitted to be admitted in a court under the Evidence Act 1995.

To the extent that these amendments limit the rights protected under Article 17 of the ICCPR, these limitations are not arbitrary, and are necessary, reasonable and proportionate to ensure the proper administration and enforcement of Australia's aviation safety system.

It is necessary for CASA or a DAME to receive relevant medical information or documents to ensure that only appropriate individuals who meet the relevant medical standard are involved in aviation activities, which have inherent safety risks. These amendments (which broaden the scope of authorising the disclosure of information, to the disclosure of information and documents) are consistent with this objective, in that they will ensure that individuals are medically fit to operate within Australia's aviation environment, thus promoting the safety of aviation.

The protections provided by the Privacy Act 1988 continue to apply to personal information collected by CASA.

The right to privacy is also engaged by Item 29 of the Regulation, which creates a new subregulation 1.008 (3) in the CASR that clarifies that a MOS may not provide powers of entry, search or seizure. This enhances the protection of privacy.

Conclusion

The Disallowable Legislative Instrument is compatible with human rights. To the extent that it may also limit human rights, those limitations are reasonable, necessary and proportionate in order to ensure the safety of aviation operations and to promote the integrity of the aviation safety system.

 

ATTACHMENT B

 

Details of the Civil Aviation Legislation Amendment (Miscellaneous Measures) Regulation 2016

 

Section 1 - Name of regulation

 

This section provides that the title of the Regulation is the Civil Aviation Legislation Amendment (Miscellaneous Measures) Regulation 2016.

 

Section 2 - Commencement

 

This section provides that the regulation commences the day after registration on the Federal Register of Legislation.

 

Section 3 - Authority

 

This section provides that the Civil Aviation Legislation Amendment (Miscellaneous Measures) Regulation 2016 is made under the Civil Aviation Act 1988.

 

Section 4 - Schedule(s)

 

This section provides that each instrument that is specified in a Schedule to the instrument is amended or repealed as set out in the applicable items in the Schedule concerned, and any other item in a Schedule to the instrument has effect according to its terms.

 

Schedule 1 - Amendments

 

Civil Aviation Regulations 1988

 

Item [1] Subregulation 2(1) (definition of group A ultralight)

 

Item [1] omits 'Recreational Aviation Australia Inc.' and substitute 'Recreational Aviation Australia Incorporated'.

 

Item [2] Subregulation 2(1) (definition of maintenance schedule)

 

Item [2] amends the current definition of 'maintenance schedule' to include a maintenance schedule for primary, intermediate, restricted or limited category aircraft as permitted by regulation 42CA of CAR.

 

Item [3] Subregulation 2(1) (definition of power-assisted sailplane)

 

Item [3] omits 'the Gliding Federation of Australia' and substitute 'The Gliding Federation of Australia Incorporated'.

 

Item [4] Subregulation 2(1) (definition of sport aviation body)

 

Item [4] repeals the definition of 'sport aviation body' in existing subregulation 2(1).

 

 

Item [5] Subregulation 5(3)

 

Item [5] omits 'notified in the Gazette' and substitute 'registered on the Federal Register of Legislation'.

 

Item [6] Regulation 5A

 

Item [6] removes the conditions under which certain prescribed directions and exemptions are considered to be disallowable instruments for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901, given that section 46A no longer exists. Despite the repeal of regulation 5A, directions and exemptions that are legislative instruments under subsection 98(5AA) of the Civil Aviation Act 1988 is still subject to disallowance under the Legislation Act 2003.

 

Item [7] Subregulation 43(7)

 

Item [7] makes a consequential amendment as a result of the omission of Transitional: permissions to fly by item [27].

 

Item [8] Subregulation 43(8)

 

Item [8] makes a consequential amendment as a result of the omission of Transitional: permissions to fly by item [27].

 

Item [9] Subregulation 43(8)

 

Item [9] makes a consequential amendment as a result of the omission of Transitional: permissions to fly by item [27].

 

Item [10] Subregulation 43(13)

 

Item [10] makes a consequential amendment as a result of the omission of Transitional: permissions to fly by item [27].

 

Item [11] Subregulation 47(1)

 

Item [11] makes a consequential amendment as a result of the omission of Transitional: permissions to fly by item [27].

 

Item [12] Subregulation 47(2)

 

Item [12] makes a consequential amendment as a result of the omission of Transitional: permissions to fly by item [27].

 

Item [13] Paragraph 48(5)(b)

 

Item [13] makes a consequential amendment as a result of the omission of Transitional: permissions to fly by item [27].

 

Item [14] Subregulation 5.138(6) (definition of private pilot certificate (balloons))

 

Item [14] omits 'Australian Ballooning Federation Inc' and substitute 'Australian Ballooning Federation Incorporated'.

 

Item [15] Subregulation 99AA(6A)

 

Item [15] repeals the provision establishing that a direction or an instruction under s99AA (5) or (5A) is a disallowable instrument for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901, given that section 46A no longer exists. Despite the repeal of the subregulation, directions and exemptions that are legislative instruments under subsection 98(5AA) of the Civil Aviation Act 1988 is still subject to disallowance under the Legislation Act 2003.

 

Item [16] Subregulation 133(1)

 

Item [16] makes a consequential amendment as a result of the omission of Transitional: permissions to fly by item [27].

 

Item [17] Subregulation 133(2)

 

Item [17] makes a consequential amendment as a result of the omission of Transitional: permissions to fly by item [27].

 

Item [18] Subregulation 139(5)

 

Item [18] makes a consequential amendment as a result of the omission of Transitional: permissions to fly by item [27].

 

Item [19] Subregulation 174A(1C)

 

Item [19] repeals subregulation 174A(1C), which provides that instructions under subregulation 174A(1), not issued in the form of a Civil Aviation Order, are disallowable instruments for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901, given section 46A no longer exists. Despite the repeal of the subregulation, instructions that are legislative instruments under subsection 98(5AA) of the Civil Aviation Act 1988 is still subject to disallowance under the Legislation Act 2003.

 

Item [20] Subregulation 174D(3A)

 

Item [20] repeals subregulation 174AD(3A), which provides that instructions under subregulation 174D(1), not issued in the form of a Civil Aviation Order, are disallowable instruments for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901, given section 46A no longer exists. Despite the repeal of the subregulation, instructions that are legislative instruments under subsection 98(5AA) of the Civil Aviation Act 1988 is still subject to disallowance under the Legislation Act 2003.

 

Item [21] Subregulation 177(1C)

 

Item [21] repeals subregulation 177(1C) which provides that instructions under subregulation 177(1), not issued in the form of a Civil Aviation Order, are disallowable instruments for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901, given s46A no longer exists. Despite the repeal of the subregulation, instructions that are legislative instruments under subsection 98(5AA) of the Civil Aviation Act 1988 is still subject to disallowance under the Legislation Act 2003.

 

 

Item [22] Subregulation 179A(3A)

 

Item [22] repeals subregulation 179A(3A), which provides that instructions under subregulation 179A(1), not issued in the form of a Civil Aviation Order, are disallowable instruments for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901, given s46A no longer exists. Despite the repeal of the subregulation, instructions that are legislative instruments under subsection 98(5AA) of the Civil Aviation Act 1988 is still subject to disallowance under the Legislation Act 2003.

 

Item [23] Subparagraph 206(1)(b)(i)

 

Item [23] makes a consequential amendment as a result of the omission of Transitional: permissions to fly by item [27].

 

Item [24] Paragraph 210B(1)(b)

 

Item [24] inserts 'of CASR' after reference to Part 61.

 

Item [25] Regulation 262AE (heading)

 

Item [25] repeals the existing heading and substitute '262AE ACAS requirements--certain other aeroplanes'.

 

Item [26] Subparagraph 262AE1(b)

 

Item [26] amends the existing provision to clarify that the regulation applies to the date of first registration of the aeroplane, whether in Australia or elsewhere.

 

Item [27] Regulation 317

 

Item [27] repeals the spent transitional provision.

 

 

Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998

 

Item [28] Regulation 1.008 (heading)

 

Item [28] is repealed and replaced with 'Manuals of Standards'.

 

Item [29] After subregulation 1.008(2) (before the note)

 

Item [29] inserts a new subparagraph 1.008(3) to provide clarification of those things that a MOS may not do, including to create an offence or civil penalty; to provide powers of arrest, detention, entry, search or seizure; to impose a tax; set an amount to be appropriated from the Consolidated Revenue Fund under an appropriation in these Regulations; or to directly amend the text of these Regulations.

 

Item [30] Regulation 61.010 (paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of the definition of recreational aviation administration organisation)

 

Item [30] repeals existing paragraphs (a), (b) and (c), and substitute the registered business names of the listed entities.

 

Item [31] Paragraph 67.030(3)(b)

 

Item [31] inserts 'or document' after 'information'.

 

Item [32] Subregulation 67.030(5)

 

Item [32] inserts 'and documents' after 'information'.

 

Item [33] Subregulation 67.035(4)

 

Item [33] inserts 'and documents' after 'information'.

 

Item [34] Subregulation 67.040(3)

 

Item [34] inserts 'and documents' after 'information'.

 

Item [35] Paragraph 67.180(2)(d)

 

Item [35] is repealed and replaced with revised wording, to improve comprehension, that refers to the applicant authorising the disclosure of any information or documents about the applicant for a medical certificate.

 

Item [36] Paragraphs 67.180(5)(a) and (b)

 

Item [36] inserts 'or a document' after 'information'.

 

Item [37] Paragraph 67.180(6)(e)

 

Item [37] inserts 'or a document' after 'information'.

 

Item [38] Subparagraph 67.225(3)(b)(i)

 

Item [38] inserts 'and documents' after each instance of 'information' and amend reference to a 'person, organisation, body or authority referred to' to 'any of the persons, organisations, bodies or authorities mentioned'

 

Item [39] Paragraphs 67.225(5)(a) and (b)

 

Item [39] inserts 'or a document' after 'information'.

 

Item [40] Paragraph 67.225(6)(e)

 

Item [40] inserts 'or a document' after 'information'.

 

Item [41] Paragraph 67.230(1)(e)

 

Item [41] inserts 'or document' after 'information'.

 

Item [42] Paragraph 67.230(4)(e)

 

Item [42] inserts 'or a document' after 'information'.

 

 

Item [43] Subregulation 67.265(2)

 

Item [43] amends a style error by substituting 'DAME' for 'DAME'.

 

Item [44] Subregulation 99.010(2) (definition of NMI R)

 

Item [44] amends the definition of NMI R to be a document, rather than a report, with the relevant designation and number. Item [44] also amends the reference to the National Measurement Institute as being established under the National Measurement Act 1960 to allow removal of an out-of-date Departmental reference.

 

Item [45] Regulation 101.020 (heading)

 

Item [45] repeals the heading in regulation 101.020 and substitute with 'Exemption from certain provisions of CAR'.

 

Item [46] Regulation 101.020

 

Item [46] omits '1988' in reference to the CAR.

 

Item [47] Subregulation 101.080(2) (table item 3, column headed 'information to be provided')

 

Item [47] omits 'a free' and substitute 'an unmanned free' in table item 3 under the column headed 'information to be provided'.

 

Item [48] Regulation 101.145

 

Item [48] substitutes definitions for key concepts relating to balloons, including revised definitions for 'area density', 'heavy package', 'small balloon', 'light balloon', 'medium balloon' and 'heavy balloon' to align the regulations more closely with those of Annex 8 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation (the Chicago Convention).

 

Item [49] Subregulation 101.155(1) (note)

 

Item [49] repeals the note, to remove the cross-reference to the definition of a 'small balloon'.

 

Item [50]  Subregulation 101.160(1) (note 3)

 

Item [50] repeals the note, to remove the cross-reference to the definition of 'light balloon'.

 

Item [51] Subregulation 101.165(1) (note 3)

 

Item [51] repeals the note, to remove the cross-reference to the definitions of 'heavy balloon' and 'medium balloon'.

 

Item [52] Subregulations 101.170(1), 101.175(1), 101.180(1), 101.190(1) (notes)

 

Item [52] repeals the notes, to remove the cross-references to the definitions of 'free balloon', 'light balloon', 'medium balloon' and 'heavy balloon'.

 

 

Item [53] Regulation 101.195 (heading)

 

Item [53] replaces the existing heading with '101.195 Marking--unmanned free balloons generally'.

 

Item [54] Subregulations 101.195(1) and (2)

 

Item [54] omits 'a free' and substitute with 'an unmanned free'.

 

Item [55] Subregulations 101.195(2), 101.195(3), 101.200(1), 101.205(1), 101.210(1), 101.215(1), 101.220(1) and 101.225(1) (notes)

 

Item [55] repeals the notes, to remove the cross-references to the definitions of 'free balloon', 'light balloon', 'medium balloon' and 'heavy balloon'.

 

Item [56] Subregulation 101.260(1)

 

Item [56] omits '1988' in reference to the CAR.

 

Item [57] Regulation 173.030 (subparagraph (b)(ii) of the definition of procedure design authorisation)

 

Item [57] amends the distance from land of an off-shore installation from 30 nm to be a distance specified in the Part 173 Manual of Standards.

 

Item [58] Subregulation 173.265(1)

 

Item [58] is repealed and replaced with a provision that the regulation applies to an authorised designer who is authorised to carry on the activity mentioned in subparagraph 173.030(b)(ii) of CASR, as amended by item [57].

 

Item [59] Subregulations 202.050(1) and (2)

 

Item [59] omits '1988' in reference to the CAR.

 

Item [60] Subregulations 202.051(1) and (3)

 

Item [60] omits '1988' in reference to all instances of the CAR.

 

Item [61] Regulation 202.052

 

Item [61] omits '1988' in reference to the CAR.

 

Item [62] Subpart 202.CA

 

Item [62] is repealed to remove spent transitional provisions for Part 60 (Synthetic training devices).

 

Item [63] Regulation 202.261 (paragraph (b) of the definition of amendments)

 

Item [63] amends the commencement date of various Civil Aviation Orders, amended as a consequence of the making of the Civil Aviation Legislation Amendment Regulation 2013 (No. 1), to commence immediately before the commencement of the Civil Aviation Legislation Amendment Regulation 2013 (No. 1).

 

Item [64] Regulation 202.261 (subparagraph (b)(i) of the definition of amendments)

 

Item [64] substitutes '29.6' for an incorrect reference to '26.6'.

 

Item [65] Regulation 202.261 (subparagraph (b)(iv) of the definition of amendments)

 

Item [65] removes reference to amendment of Civil Aviation Order 82.6, as a consequence of the change in commencement date amended by item [63].

 

Item [66] Regulation 202.261 (at the end of the definition of amendments)

 

Item [66] adds a new paragraph 202.261(c) at the end of the definition of 'amendments' in regulation 202.261 to include reference to amendments of Civil Aviation Order 82.6 commencing on 1 September 2014, as a consequence of its removal from subparagraph 202.261(b)(iv) by item [65].

 

Item [67] Regulation 202.261 (paragraph (b) of the definition of relevant CAO)

 

Item [67] substitutes '29.6' for an incorrect reference to '26.6'.

 

Item [68] Part 1 of the Dictionary (definition of free balloon, twice occurring)

 

Item [68] repeals the existing definition and substitute a new definition--in relation to Part 101 as a balloon that is not tethered, and otherwise as a balloon that is intended for flight without being permanently tethered.

 

Item [69] Part 1 of the Dictionary (definition of heavy balloon)

 

Item [69] repeals the existing definition and substitute a new cross-reference to the definition of 'heavy balloon' in regulation 101.145.

 

Item [70] Part 1 of the Dictionary

 

Item [70] inserts a new definition of 'heavy package' by cross-reference to regulation 101.145.

 

Item [71] Part 1 of the Dictionary (definition of light balloon)

 

Item [71] repeals the existing definition and substitute a cross-reference to the definition of 'light balloon' in regulation 101.145.

 

Item [72] Part 1 of the Dictionary (definition of medium balloon)

 

Item [72] repeals the existing definition and replace it with a cross-reference to the definition of 'medium balloon' in regulation 101.145.

 

Item [73] Part 1 of the Dictionary (definition of small balloon)

 

Item [73] repeals the existing definition and replace it with a cross-reference to the definition of 'small balloon' in regulation 101.145.

 

Item [74] Part 1 of the Dictionary

 

Item [74] inserts a new definition of a 'sport aviation body'.

 

Item [75] Part 1 of the Dictionary (definition of standard certificate of airworthiness)

 

Item [75] makes a minor style amendment to the definition, substituting ': see' for 'see'.

 

Schedule 2 - Amendments relating to Part 66

 

Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998

 

Item [1] Subregulations 66.026(1) and (2)

 

Item [1] omits the words 'subregulation (3) and' from subregulations 66.026(1) and (2). It is consequential on the repeal of subregulation 66.026(3) under item [2] of this schedule.

 

Item [2] Subregulation 66.026(3)

 

Item [2] repeals subregulation 66.026(3) which would otherwise prevent CASA from granting a licence subject to an exclusion unless the exclusion related to a type rated aircraft type.

 

Item [3] Subregulation 66.095(1), (2) and (4)

 

Item [3] omits the words 'subregulation (5) and' from subregulations 66.095(1), (2) and (4). It is consequential on the repeal of subregulation 66.095(5) under item [4] of this schedule.

 

Item [4] Subregulation 66.095(5)

 

Item [4] repeals subregulation 66.095(5) which would otherwise prevent CASA from granting a rating subject to an exclusion unless the exclusion related to a type rated aircraft type.

 

Item [5] At the end of Subpart 202.CG

 

Item [5] adds a new regulation 202.355 for validation of the small aircraft licences and ratings granted subject to exclusions.

 

Under subregulation 202.355(1), the regulation applies to a licence granted, or purportedly granted, under regulation 66.026, or to a rating granted, or purportedly granted, under regulation 66.095, if the licence or rating was granted, or purportedly granted during the relevant period, and subject to an exclusion that did not relate to a type rated aircraft type.

 

Under subregulation 202.355(2), the licence or rating is valid and effective, and is taken always to have been as valid and effective as it would have been if the amendments made by the Regulation (that is, the Civil Aviation Legislation Amendment (Miscellaneous Measures) Regulation 2016) had been in force during the relevant period.

 

Under subregulation 202.355(3), any act or thing done under the licence or rating is valid and effective, and is taken always to have been as valid and effective as it would have been if the amendments made by the Regulation had been in force during the relevant period.

 

These validations only apply during the relevant period which is defined under subregulation 202.355(4) as the period beginning at the start of 4 July 2016, and ending at the commencement of the Regulation.